Vehicle Technologies

Battery Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Cost Parity

Total Cost of Ownership of advanced powertrains from light to heady duty for different technology evolutions

Freight Powertrain Penetration

Powertrain market penetration across large metropolitan area based on specific real world vehicle usage.

Long Haul Decarbonization

Impact of advanced technologies on long haul truck energy consumption, cost and GHG

Off-Road Vehicles

Impact of vehicle electrification on excavators and wheel loaders

U.S. DOE VTO/HFTO R&D Benefits

U.S DOE R&D impact on vehicle energy consumption and cost

U.S. DOT NHTSA CAFE Regulations

Current and near-term technologies impact on energy consumption quantified over 2M individual vehicle designs